John Watt

History Of Africa: How Come Africa? John Watt

Th? history ?f Afr??? b?g?n? w?th th? ?m?rg?n?? ?f hominids, archaic hum?n? and-at least 200,000 years ?g?-?n?t?m???ll? modern humans (H?m? ?????n?), ?n East Afr???, and continues unbr?k?n into th? present ?? a ??t?hw?rk ?f d?v?r?? ?nd ??l?t???ll? d?v?l???ng nation states.[1] The earliest kn?wn r???rd?d h??t?r? ?r??? ?n Ancient Egypt, and l?t?r ?n Nub??, the Sahel, the M?ghr?b ?nd the Horn ?f Africa. F?ll?w?ng th? desertification ?f th? S?h?r?, N?rth African h??t?r? b???m? ?ntw?n?d w?th the M?ddl? E??t and S?uth?rn Europe wh?l? the B?ntu expansion ?w??t from m?d?rn d?? C?m?r??n (C?ntr?l Afr???) ??r??? mu?h of th? ?ub-S?h?r?n ??nt?n?nt ?n w?v?? between around 1000 BC ?nd 1 AD, ?r??t?ng a linguistic ??mm?n?l?t? ??r??? mu?h ?f the ??ntr?l ?nd Southern ??nt?n?nt. Dur?ng th? M?ddl? Ages, I?l?m ??r??d w??t fr?m Ar?b?? to Eg??t, ?r????ng the M?ghr?b ?nd th? S?h?l. S?m? notable ?r?-??l?n??l states and societies ?n Afr??? ?n?lud? th? Ajur?n Empire, D'mt, Ad?l Sult?n?t?, Al?d??, W?r??ng?l? Sult?n?t?, K?ngd?m ?f Nri, N?k ?ultur?, M?l? Em??r?, Bono St?t?, S?ngh?? Empire, B?n?n Em??r?, O?? Em??r?, K?ngd?m of Lund? (Punu-yaka), A?h?nt? Em??r?, Ghana Em??r?, M???? Kingdoms, Mutapa Empire, K?ngd?m ?f M??ungubw?, Kingdom ?f Sine, K?ngd?m of S?nn?r, K?ngd?m ?f S?l?um, K?ngd?m of Baol, K?ngd?m ?f Cayor, K?ngd?m ?f Z?mb?bw?, Kingdom ?f Kongo, Em??r? ?f K??bu, K?ngd?m ?f Ile If?, An???nt C?rth?g?, Numidia, M?ur?t?n??, ?nd th? Ak?um?t? Empire. At ?t? ???k, ?r??r t? European ??l?n??l??m, it ?? estimated th?t Afr??? h?d u? t? 10,000 d?ff?r?nt states and autonomous groups w?th distinct l?ngu?g?? ?nd customs. Fr?m th? l?t? 15th ??ntur?, Europeans j??n?d the slave trade. On? ??uld ??? th? P?rtugu??? led ?n partnership w?th other Europeans.[citation needed][weasel words] Th?t includes th? tr??ngul?r tr?d?, w?th th? P?rtugu??? ?n?t??ll? ???u?r?ng ?l?v?? thr?ugh tr?d? ?nd l?t?r by f?r?? ?? ??rt of the Atl?nt?? ?l?v? tr?d?. They tr?n???rt?d enslaved West, C?ntr?l, ?nd S?uth?rn Afr???n? overseas. Subsequently, Eur????n ??l?n?z?t??n of Afr??? developed r???dl? fr?m ?r?und 10% (1870) t? over 90% (1914) ?n th? Scramble f?r Africa (1881-1914). H?w?v?r following ?truggl?? f?r ?nd???nd?n?? ?n m?n? ??rt? of the ??nt?n?nt, ?? w?ll as a weakened Europe ?ft?r the S???nd W?rld W?r (1939-1945), d???l?n?z?t??n t??k ?l??? ??r??? th? ??nt?n?nt, ?ulm?n?t?ng ?n th? 1960 Year ?f Afr???. D?????l?n?? ?u?h as r???rd?ng ?f oral h??t?r?, h??t?r???l l?ngu??t???, ?r?h???l?g? ?nd genetics have b??n vital ?n r?d????v?r?ng th? great Afr???n ??v?l?z?t??n? of ?nt??u?t?.