William Shakespeare

Twelfth Night William Shakespeare

Publisher Marketing: Twelfth Night; or, What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601-02 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from the short story "Of Apollonius and Silla" by Barnabe Rich, based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first recorded performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of Christmastide in the year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio. Illyria, the setting of Twelfth Night, is important to the play's romantic atmosphere. Illyria was an ancient region of the Western Balkans whose coast (the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea which is the only part of ancient Illyria which is relevant to the play) covered (from north to south) the coasts of modern day Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and Albania. It included the city state of the Republic of Ragusa which has been proposed as the setting. Illyria may have been suggested by the Roman comedy Menaechmi, the plot of which also involves twins who are mistaken for each other. Illyria is also referred to as a site of pirates in Shakespeare's earlier play, Henry VI, Part 2. The names of most of the characters are Italian but some of the comic characters have English names. Oddly the "Illyrian" lady Olivia has an English uncle, Sir Toby Belch. It has been noted that the play's setting also has other English allusions such as Viola's use of "Westward ho!," a typical cry of 16th-century London boatmen, and also Antonio's recommendation to Sebastian of "The Elephant" as where it is best to lodge in Illyria; The Elephant was a pub not far from the Globe Theatre. Viola is shipwrecked on the coast of Illyria and she comes ashore with the help of a captain. She loses contact with her twin brother, Sebastian, whom she believes to be dead. Disguising herself as a young man under the name Cesario, she enters the service of Duke Orsino through the help of the sea captain who rescues her. Orsino has convinced himself that he is in love with Olivia, whose father and brother have recently died, and who refuses to see any suitor until seven years have passed, the Duke included. Orsino then uses 'Cesario' as an intermediary to profess his passionate love before Olivia. Olivia however, forgetting about the seven years in his case, falls in love with 'Cesario', as she does not realise 'he' is Viola in disguise. In the meantime, Viola has fallen in love with the Duke. Review Citations: Kirkus Review - Children 01/01/2003 pg. 59 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) PW Notes and Reprints 01/20/2003 pg. 84 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Booklist 01/01/2003 pg. 878 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) School Library Journal 03/01/2003 pg. 248 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Hornbook Guide to Children 01/01/2003 pg. 451 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Wilson Children's Catalog 01/01/2004 pg. 45 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Wilson Middle/Junior Hi Catalo 01/01/2004 pg. 42 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Hornbook Guide to Children 07/01/2003 pg. 451 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Publishers Weekly 01/20/2003 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) School Library Journal 10/01/2004 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Wilson Children's Catalog 01/01/2006 pg. 460 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Wilson Children's Catalog 01/01/2010 pg. 703 (EAN 9780803723184, Hardcover) Reference and Research Bk News 08/01/2001 pg. 237 (EAN 9780312237127, Hardcover) School Library Journal 07/01/2000 (EAN 9789626341810, Compact Disc) School Library Journal 07/01/2000 (EAN 9789626346815, Analog Audio Cassette) Hornbook Guide to Children 01/01/1993 (EAN 9780679938729, Hardcover) School Library Journal 05/01/1993 pg. 121 (EAN 9780679838722, Hardcover) Hornbook Guide to Children 01/01/1993 (EAN 9780679838722, Hardcover) Contributor Bio:  Shakespeare, William William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a store owner and a farmer, and at one point, also served as the town's mayor. William was the third of eight children. He was married to Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than himself. They had three children: Susanna (1583), and twins Hamnet and Judith (1585). Shakespeare wrote 36 plays, 154 Sonnets and two narrative poems. He died on April 23, 1616, and was buried at Trinity Church in Stratford, England.